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大量波流相互作用的实验表明,当波浪顺流传播时,平均水面附近的流速减小,而当波浪逆流传播时,平均水面附近的流速增加.为了从理论上解释这种现象,从垂向二维Navier-Stokes方程出发,推导出波浪、潮流共同作用下的水流控制方程;采用微幅波理论简化控制方程,并引入Grant-Madsen波流边界层模型,得到波流共同作用下的紊动切应力及流速垂线分布表达式.通过和实验结果及数值结果的对比,结果预测值和实测值较为吻合,表明公式能反映波高变化及涡粘系数共同对流速垂线分布的影响,且简单实用.利用该公式分析了波浪顺流、逆流流速变化的原因. 相似文献
33.
长江口水流挟沙力公式初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据泥沙运动理论和水流能量平衡原理,结合水流对泥沙的作用效果并分析了现有水流挟沙力公式的适用条件,通过实测资料的整理和研究,推导得出长江口水流挟沙力公式.结果表明,河口半潮平均挟沙力应考虑水流对悬移质的输送和对床沙中悬移质的上浮,同时还应考虑河口其它动力因素(如风、波浪等)及其各类动力过程的非线性作用效应对水流挟沙力的贡献.本文提出的公式从泥沙输运及悬浮的角度去分析河口水流挟沙力,从而有利于河口冲淤特性的分析研究.对长江口而言,洪季水流对泥沙的输运作用大于悬浮作用,落淤的可能性大于冲刷;而枯季水流对泥沙的作用则以悬浮为主,冲刷的可能性大于落淤,从另一侧面解释了长江口"洪淤枯冲"的现象. 相似文献
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In most TVD schemes, the r-factors were proposed according to the cell-centered (CC) finite volume method (FVM) framework for the numerical approximation to the convective term. However, it is questionable whether those r-factors would be appropriate and effective for the vertex-centered (VC) FVM. In the paper, we collected five kinds of r-factor formulae and found out that only three of those, respectively by Bruner (1996), Darwish and Moukalled (2003) and Cassuli and Zanolli (2005) can be formally extended to a context of the VC FVM. Numerical tests indicate that the TVD schemes and r-factors, after being extended and introduced to a context of the VC FVM, maintained their similar characteristics as in a context of the CC FVM. However, when the gradient-based r-factors and the SUPERBEE scheme were applied simultaneously, non-physical oscillations near the sharp step would appear. In the transient case, the oscillations were weaker in a context of the VC FVM than those in a context of the CC FVM, while the effect was reversed in the steady case. To eliminate disadvantages in the gradient-based r-factor formula, a new modification method by limiting values on the virtual node, namely in the paper, was validated by the tests to effectively dissipate spurious oscillations. 相似文献
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This paper presents a universal fifth-order Stokes solution for steady water waves on the basis of potential theory. It uses a global perturbation parameter, considers a depth uniform current, and thus admits the flexibilities on the definition of the perturbation parameter and on the determination of the wave celerity. The universal solution can be extended to that of Chappelear (1961), confirming the correctness for the universal theory. Furthermore, a particular fifth-order solution is obtained where the wave steepness is used as the perturbation parameter. The applicable range of this solution in shallow depth is analyzed. Comparisons with the Fourier approximated results and with the experimental measurements show that the solution is fairly suited to waves with the Ursell number not exceeding 46.7. 相似文献
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基于扩散理论,分析了国内外主要平衡悬沙剖面公式自由面边界条件内在的不合理性及其原因,并结合常数型和线性型悬沙扩散系数的分布特征,应用几何平均法建立了平方根型的悬沙扩散系数表达式,推得了平衡悬沙剖面的新指数公式。通过收集、整理与分析大量水槽与河流实测悬沙资料,对提出的悬沙扩散系数和平衡悬沙剖面公式与van Rijn公式、张红武公式进行了分析比较。研究结果表明,新指数公式不仅对平衡悬沙剖面的刻画精度较高,而且具有表达式特别简洁、床面含沙量为有限定值和可直接解析积分的特点,既利于理论分析,又便于工程应用。 相似文献
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Links between bacterial communities in marine sediments and trace metal geochemistry as measured by in situ DET/DGT approaches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gillan DC Baeyens W Bechara R Billon G Denis K Grosjean P Leermakers M Lesven L Pede A Sabbe K Gao Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):353-362
Our current view about the relationship between metals and bacteria in marine sediments might be biased because most studies only use ex situ approaches to quantify metals. The aim of the present research was to compare ex situ and in situ methods of metal measurement (DET and DGT--diffusive equilibration or diffusive gradients in thin-films) and relate the results with two commonly used microbiological variables (bacterial biomass and bacterial diversity as revealed by DGGE). No previous studies have used such in situ approaches in microbial ecology. For biomass and most of the investigated trace metals (Ag, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Al) no significant correlations were found. The exceptions were Fe, Mn, Co, and As which behave like micronutrients. For bacterial diversity, no relevant relationships were found. We conclude that in situ methods are more adapted tools for microbial ecologists but that ex situ approaches are still necessary. 相似文献
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末次冰期最盛时期以来中国东部边缘海潮波系统演变过程的模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在系统地研究了中国东部边缘海区引潮力、入射潮波、科氏力、水下地形、海岸形态及磨擦作用等因素对区域潮波系统形成影响的基础上,确定了中国东部边缘海岸轮廓是区域潮波系统形成的主导因素,认为模拟末次冰期最盛时期以来中国东部边缘海区潮波系统的形成过程需要3个重要的控制性条件,即入射潮波、海岸线变迁过程和海面变化曲线。利用中国东部边缘海潮波系统与海岸演变模拟支持系统,对末次冰期最盛时期以来30个时期中国东部边缘海区潮波系统的形成与演变过程进行了模拟再现研究,系统地恢复了在不同的海面高程、不同的岸线形态条件下全日潮、半日潮潮汐分布特征。模拟结果显示,末次冰期最盛时期以来,12400aB.P.和7500aB.P.两个时间界限分别代表了旋转潮波系统－无潮点开始出现、中国东部边缘海潮波系统现代格局基本奠定这两个特征事件的发生时间,将中国东部边缘海潮波系统的演变过程划分为3个发展时期。 相似文献
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基于FVCOM海洋模式对珠江口伶仃洋内及周边海域的风暴潮增水传播过程进行研究。首先,建立珠江口风暴潮模型,采用超强台风“山竹”作为典型案例进行风暴潮过程模拟,并对模型的计算结果进行验证,发现模拟结果和测站潮位结果比较吻合;然后,对伶仃洋在“山竹”登陆前后的风暴潮增水过程的时空分布及变化特征进行分析。从伶仃洋湾口到湾顶选取12个点进行时间序列分析,发现除了因距离外海远近不同导致的相位差异外,基本特征相似,符合国际上类似海湾内的风暴潮增水波动特征,可分为初振段、主振段和余振段。为了进一步研究台风参数差异对伶仃洋风暴潮增水的影响,本文基于“山竹”超强台风的特征参数,设计了一系列变化条件下的数值试验,结果发现：（1）台风的登陆时间会影响到风暴潮增水和天文潮之间的相位关系,进而影响到增水的大小。如果风暴潮增水极值正好在天文潮高潮位,风暴潮增水就会削弱,而风暴潮增水正好在天文潮低潮位,风暴潮增水就会增强。（2）台风中心压差决定了台风风力的大小,从而影响风暴潮增水。但是在同一海湾内的影响在空间上并不相同,在较浅区域影响大而较深区域影响小。（3）台风路径会对风暴潮增水产生较大影响。基于“山竹”的路径,... 相似文献
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Based on the previous study results, two higher accuracy explicit solutions to the dispersion equation for wave length are presented in this paper. These two solutions have an accuracy of 0.1% over all wave lengths, which is sufficiently complete for practical application. At the same time, several previous explicit solutions also have been reviewed and compared herein. In comparison with accuracy, the results show that the present two solutions are as good as Wu and Thornton's solution (which has a good accuracy over all wave lengths, but its calculation formula is so complex that it is hard to be used with a hand calculator), and are better than the other solutions, they may be rather useful in practical calculation with a hand calculator or computer. 相似文献